Sep 8, 2019 · I'm trying to train a model for a sentence classification task. The input is a sentence (a vector of integers) and the output is a label (0 or 1). I've seen some articles here and there about using Bert and GPT2 for text classification tasks. However, I'm not sure which one should I pick to start with. You need to use GPT2Model class to generate the sentence embeddings of the text. once you have the embeddings feed them to a Linear NN and softmax function to obtain the logits, below is a component for text classification using GPT2 I'm working on (still a work in progress, so I'm open to suggestions), it follows the logic I just described: In our evaluations on a “challenge set” of English texts, our classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text (true positives) as “likely AI-written,” while incorrectly labeling human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time (false positives). Our classifier’s reliability typically improves as the length of the input text increases.Sep 4, 2023 · GPT for Sheets and Docs is an AI writer for Google Sheets and Google Docs. It enables you to use ChatGPT directly in Google Sheets and Docs. It is built on top OpenAI ChatGPT and GPT-3 models. You can use it for all sorts of tasks on text: writing, editing, extracting, cleaning, translating, summarizing, outlining, explaining, etc If ChatGPT ... We found that GPT-4-early and GPT-4-launch exhibit many of the same limitations as earlier language models, such as producing biased and unreliable content. Prior to our mitigations being put in place, we also found that GPT-4-early presented increased risks in areas such as finding websites selling illegal goods or services, and planning attacks.May 8, 2022 · When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works. AI Text Classifier from OpenAI is a GPT-3 and ChatGPT detector created for distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text. According to OpenAI, the ChatGPT detector is a “fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.”.Using GPT models for downstream NLP tasks. It is evident that these GPT models are powerful and can generate text that is often indistinguishable from human-generated text. But how can we get a GPT model to perform tasks such as classification, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text cleaning, and information extraction?GPT-2 is a transformers model pretrained on a very large corpus of English data in a self-supervised fashion. This means it was pretrained on the raw texts only, with no humans labelling them in any way (which is why it can use lots of publicly available data) with an automatic process to generate inputs and labels from those texts.Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head.Data augmentation is a widely employed technique to alleviate the problem of data scarcity. In this work, we propose a prompting-based approach to generate labelled training data for intent classification with off-the-shelf language models (LMs) such as GPT-3. An advantage of this method is that no task-specific LM-fine-tuning for data ...As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak SupervisionSome of the examples demonstrated here currently work only with our most capable model, gpt-4. If you don't yet have access to gpt-4 consider joining the waitlist. In general, if you find that a GPT model fails at a task and a more capable model is available, it's often worth trying again with the more capable model. Dec 10, 2022 · The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT. ... GPT-2 Output Detector Demo ... Step 2: Deploy the backend as a Google Cloud Function. If you don’t have one already, create a Google Cloud account, then navigate to Cloud Functions. Click Create Function. Paste in your ...Data augmentation is a widely employed technique to alleviate the problem of data scarcity. In this work, we propose a prompting-based approach to generate labelled training data for intent classification with off-the-shelf language models (LMs) such as GPT-3. An advantage of this method is that no task-specific LM-fine-tuning for data ...AI-Guardian is designed to detect when images have likely been manipulated to trick a classifier, and GPT-4 was tasked with evading that detection. "Our attacks reduce the robustness of AI-Guardian from a claimed 98 percent to just 8 percent, under the threat model studied by the original [AI-Guardian] paper," wrote Carlini.The internet is full of text classification articles, most of which are BoW-models combined with some kind of ML-model typically solving a binary text classification problem. With the rise of NLP, and in particular BERT (take a look here , if you are not familiar with BERT) and other multilingual transformer based models, more and more text ...We found that GPT-4-early and GPT-4-launch exhibit many of the same limitations as earlier language models, such as producing biased and unreliable content. Prior to our mitigations being put in place, we also found that GPT-4-early presented increased risks in areas such as finding websites selling illegal goods or services, and planning attacks.Jul 8, 2021 · We I have fine-tuned a GPT-2 model with a language model head on medical triage text, and would like to use this model as a classifier. However, as far as I can tell, the Automodel Huggingface library allows me to have either a LM or a classifier etc. head, but I don’t see a way to add a classifier on top of a fine-tuned LM. AI Text Classifier from OpenAI is a GPT-3 and ChatGPT detector created for distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text. According to OpenAI, the ChatGPT detector is a “fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.”.Aug 31, 2023 · Data augmentation is a widely employed technique to alleviate the problem of data scarcity. In this work, we propose a prompting-based approach to generate labelled training data for intent classification with off-the-shelf language models (LMs) such as GPT-3. An advantage of this method is that no task-specific LM-fine-tuning for data ... Jan 6, 2023 · In this example the GPT-3 ada model is fine-tuned/trained as a classifier to distinguish between the two sports: Baseball and Hockey. The ada model forms part of the original, base GPT-3-series. You can see these two sports as two basic intents, one intent being “baseball” and the other “hockey”. Total examples: 1197, Baseball examples ... Jan 23, 2023 · Today I am going to do Image Classification using Chat-GPT , I am going to classify fruits using deep learning and VGG-16 architecture and review how Chat G... NLP Cloud's Intent Classification API. NLP Cloud proposes an intent classification API with generative models that gives you the opportunity to perform detection out of the box, with breathtaking results. If the base generative model is not enough, you can also fine-tune/train GPT-J or Dolphin on NLP Cloud and automatically deploy the new model ... Jul 1, 2021 · Jul 1, 2021 Source: https://thehustle.co/07202020-gpt-3/ This is part one of a series on how to get the most out of GPT-3 for text classification tasks ( Part 2, Part 3 ). In this post, we’ll... The new GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manner of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is "fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic." So instead of ...The key difference between GPT-2 and BERT is that GPT-2 in its nature is a generative model while BERT isn’t. That’s why you can find a lot of tech blogs using BERT for text classification tasks and GPT-2 for text-generation tasks, but not much on using GPT-2 for text classification tasks.Let’s assume we train a language model on a large text corpus (or use a pre-trained one like GPT-2). Our task is to predict whether a given article is about sports, entertainment or technology. Normally, we would formulate this as a fine tuning task with many labeled examples, and add a linear layer for classification on top of the language ...The internet is full of text classification articles, most of which are BoW-models combined with some kind of ML-model typically solving a binary text classification problem. With the rise of NLP, and in particular BERT (take a look here , if you are not familiar with BERT) and other multilingual transformer based models, more and more text ...As a top-ranking AI-detection tool, Originality.ai can identify and flag GPT2, GPT3, GPT3.5, and even ChatGPT material. It will be interesting to see how well these two platforms perform in detecting 100% AI-generated content. OpenAI Text Classifier employs a different probability structure from other AI content detection tools. You need to use GPT2Model class to generate the sentence embeddings of the text. once you have the embeddings feed them to a Linear NN and softmax function to obtain the logits, below is a component for text classification using GPT2 I'm working on (still a work in progress, so I'm open to suggestions), it follows the logic I just described: The new GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manner of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is "fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic." So instead of ...GPT Neo model with a token classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the hidden-states output) e.g. for Named-Entity-Recognition (NER) tasks. This model inherits from PreTrainedModel. Check the superclass documentation for the generic methods the library implements for all its model (such as downloading or saving, resizing the input ... GPT-3 is an autoregressive language model, created by OpenAI, that uses machine l. LinkedIn. ... GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first ...Today I am going to do Image Classification using Chat-GPT , I am going to classify fruits using deep learning and VGG-16 architecture and review how Chat G...Jul 26, 2023 · OpenAI has taken down its AI classifier months after it was released due to its inability to accurately determine whether a chunk of text was automatically generated by a large language model or written by a human. "As of July 20, 2023, the AI classifier is no longer available due to its low rate of accuracy," the biz said in a short statement ... As a top-ranking AI-detection tool, Originality.ai can identify and flag GPT2, GPT3, GPT3.5, and even ChatGPT material. It will be interesting to see how well these two platforms perform in detecting 100% AI-generated content. OpenAI Text Classifier employs a different probability structure from other AI content detection tools.GPT-2 Output Detector is an online demo of a machine learning model designed to detect the authenticity of text inputs. It is based on the RoBERTa model developed by HuggingFace and OpenAI and is implemented using the 🤗/Transformers library. The demo allows users to enter text into a text box and receive a prediction of the text's authenticity, with probabilities displayed below. The model ...Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head. GPT-3 is an autoregressive language model, created by OpenAI, that uses machine l. LinkedIn. ... GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first ...Apr 9, 2021 · Text classification is a very common problem that needs solving when dealing with text data. We’ve all seen and know how to use Encoder Transformer models li... The "AI Text Classifier," as the company calls it, is a "fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources," OpenAI said in ...Let’s assume we train a language model on a large text corpus (or use a pre-trained one like GPT-2). Our task is to predict whether a given article is about sports, entertainment or technology. Normally, we would formulate this as a fine tuning task with many labeled examples, and add a linear layer for classification on top of the language ...The internet is full of text classification articles, most of which are BoW-models combined with some kind of ML-model typically solving a binary text classification problem. With the rise of NLP, and in particular BERT (take a look here , if you are not familiar with BERT) and other multilingual transformer based models, more and more text ...We found that GPT-4-early and GPT-4-launch exhibit many of the same limitations as earlier language models, such as producing biased and unreliable content. Prior to our mitigations being put in place, we also found that GPT-4-early presented increased risks in areas such as finding websites selling illegal goods or services, and planning attacks.Jun 7, 2020 · As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak Supervision Feb 3, 2022 · The key difference between GPT-2 and BERT is that GPT-2 in its nature is a generative model while BERT isn’t. That’s why you can find a lot of tech blogs using BERT for text classification tasks and GPT-2 for text-generation tasks, but not much on using GPT-2 for text classification tasks. 1. @NicoLi interesting. I think you can utilize gpt3 for this, yes. But you most likely would need to supervise the outcome. I think you could use it to generate descriptions and then adapt them by hand if necessary. would most likely drastically speed up the process. – Gewure. Nov 9, 2020 at 18:50.SetFit is outperforming GPT-3 in 7 out of 11 tasks, while being 1600x smaller. In this blog, you will learn how to use SetFit to create a text-classification model with only a 8 labeled samples per class, or 32 samples in total. You will also learn how to improve your model by using hyperparamter tuning. You will learn how to:Feb 6, 2023 · While the out-of-the-box GPT-3 is able to predict filing categories at a 73% accuracy, let’s try fine-tuning our own GPT-3 model. Fine-tuning a large language model involves training a pre-trained model on a smaller, task-specific dataset, while keeping the pre-trained parameters fixed and only updating the final layers of the model. We I have fine-tuned a GPT-2 model with a language model head on medical triage text, and would like to use this model as a classifier. However, as far as I can tell, the Automodel Huggingface library allows me to have either a LM or a classifier etc. head, but I don’t see a way to add a classifier on top of a fine-tuned LM.GPT-2 is a successor of GPT, the original NLP framework by OpenAI. The full GPT-2 model has 1.5 billion parameters, which is almost 10 times the parameters of GPT. GPT-2 give State-of-the Art results as you might have surmised already (and will soon see when we get into Python). The pre-trained model contains data from 8 million web pages ...Detect chatGPT content for Free, simple way & High accuracy. OpenAI detection tool, ai essay detector for teacher. Plagiarism detector for AI generated textClassification. The Classifications endpoint ( /classifications) provides the ability to leverage a labeled set of examples without fine-tuning and can be used for any text-to-label task. By avoiding fine-tuning, it eliminates the need for hyper-parameter tuning. The endpoint serves as an "autoML" solution that is easy to configure, and adapt ...AI classifier for indicating AI-written text Topics detector openai gpt gpt-2 gpt-detector gpt-3 openai-api llm prompt-engineering chatgpt chatgpt-detectorNLP Cloud's Intent Classification API. NLP Cloud proposes an intent classification API with generative models that gives you the opportunity to perform detection out of the box, with breathtaking results. If the base generative model is not enough, you can also fine-tune/train GPT-J or Dolphin on NLP Cloud and automatically deploy the new model ... Jan 31, 2023 · GPT-3, a state-of-the-art NLP system, can easily detect and classify languages with high accuracy. It uses sophisticated algorithms to accurately determine the specific properties of any given text – such as word distribution and grammatical structures – to distinguish one language from another. Dec 14, 2021 · The GPT-n series show very promising results for few-shot NLP classification tasks and keep improving as their model size increases (GPT3–175B). However, those models require massive computational resources and they are sensitive to the choice of prompts for training. You need to use GPT2Model class to generate the sentence embeddings of the text. once you have the embeddings feed them to a Linear NN and softmax function to obtain the logits, below is a component for text classification using GPT2 I'm working on (still a work in progress, so I'm open to suggestions), it follows the logic I just described:Step 2: Deploy the backend as a Google Cloud Function. If you don’t have one already, create a Google Cloud account, then navigate to Cloud Functions. Click Create Function. Paste in your ...Jan 31, 2023 · The new GPT-Classifier attempts to figure out if a given piece of text was human-written or the work of an AI-generator. While ChatGPT and other GPT models are trained extensively on all manner of text input, the GPT-Classifier tool is "fine-tuned on a dataset of pairs of human-written text and AI-written text on the same topic." So instead of ... The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that AI generated a piece of text. The model can be used to detect ChatGPT and AI Plagiarism, but it’s not reliable enough yet because actually knowing if it’s human vs. machine-generated is really hard. “Our classifier is not fully reliable.NLP Cloud's Intent Classification API. NLP Cloud proposes an intent classification API with generative models that gives you the opportunity to perform detection out of the box, with breathtaking results. If the base generative model is not enough, you can also fine-tune/train GPT-J or Dolphin on NLP Cloud and automatically deploy the new model ...Apr 16, 2022 · Using GPT models for downstream NLP tasks. It is evident that these GPT models are powerful and can generate text that is often indistinguishable from human-generated text. But how can we get a GPT model to perform tasks such as classification, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text cleaning, and information extraction? Nov 30, 2022 · OpenAI. Product, Announcements. ChatGPT is a sibling model to InstructGPT, which is trained to follow an instruction in a prompt and provide a detailed response. We are excited to introduce ChatGPT to get users’ feedback and learn about its strengths and weaknesses. During the research preview, usage of ChatGPT is free. After ensuring you have the right amount and structure for your dataset, and have uploaded the file, the next step is to create a fine-tuning job. Start your fine-tuning job using the OpenAI SDK: python. Copy . openai.FineTuningJob.create (training_file="file-abc123", model="gpt-3.5-turbo") Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head. GPT2ForSequenceClassification) # Set seed for reproducibility. set_seed (123) # Number of training epochs (authors on fine-tuning Bert recommend between 2 and 4). epochs = 4. # Number of batches - depending on the max sequence length and GPU memory. # For 512 sequence length batch of 10 works without cuda memory issues.Dec 10, 2022 · The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT. ... GPT-2 Output Detector Demo ... In our evaluations on a “challenge set” of English texts, our classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text (true positives) as “likely AI-written,” while incorrectly labeling human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time (false positives). Our classifier’s reliability typically improves as the length of the input text ...Using GPT models for downstream NLP tasks. It is evident that these GPT models are powerful and can generate text that is often indistinguishable from human-generated text. But how can we get a GPT model to perform tasks such as classification, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text cleaning, and information extraction?Mar 24, 2023 · In this tutorial, we learned how to use GPT-4 for NLP tasks such as text classification, sentiment analysis, language translation, text generation, and question answering. We also used Python and ... Explains a single param and returns its name, doc, and optional default value and user-supplied value in a string. explainParams() → str ¶. Returns the documentation of all params with their optionally default values and user-supplied values. extractParamMap(extra: Optional[ParamMap] = None) → ParamMap ¶. GPT for Sheets and Docs is an AI writer for Google Sheets and Google Docs. It enables you to use ChatGPT directly in Google Sheets and Docs. It is built on top OpenAI ChatGPT and GPT-3 models. You can use it for all sorts of tasks on text: writing, editing, extracting, cleaning, translating, summarizing, outlining, explaining, etc If ChatGPT ...The "AI Text Classifier," as the company calls it, is a "fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources," OpenAI said in ...In GPT-3’s API, a ‘ prompt ‘ is a parameter that is provided to the API so that it is able to identify the context of the problem to be solved. Depending on how the prompt is written, the returned text will attempt to match the pattern accordingly. The below graph shows the accuracy of GPT-3 with prompt and without prompt in the models ...The "AI Text Classifier," as the company calls it, is a "fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources," OpenAI said in ...Most free AI detectors are hit or miss. Meanwhile, Content at Scale's AI Detector can detect content generated by ChatGPT, GPT4, GPT3, Bard, Claude, and other LLMs. 2 98% Accurate AI Checker. Trained on billions of pages of data, our AI checker looks for patterns that indicate AI-written text (such as repetitive words, lack of natural flow, and ...Jul 26, 2023 · OpenAI has taken down its AI classifier months after it was released due to its inability to accurately determine whether a chunk of text was automatically generated by a large language model or written by a human. "As of July 20, 2023, the AI classifier is no longer available due to its low rate of accuracy," the biz said in a short statement ... Mar 14, 2023 · GPT-4 incorporates an additional safety reward signal during RLHF training to reduce harmful outputs (as defined by our usage guidelines) by training the model to refuse requests for such content. The reward is provided by a GPT-4 zero-shot classifier judging safety boundaries and completion style on safety-related prompts. Apr 15, 2021 · This is a dataset for binary sentiment classification containing substantially more data than previous benchmark datasets. We provide a set of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing. There is additional unlabeled data for use as well. Raw text and already processed bag of words formats are provided. The gpt-4 model supports 8192 max input tokens and the gpt-4-32k model supports up to 32,768 tokens. GPT-3.5. GPT-3.5 models can understand and generate natural language or code. The most capable and cost effective model in the GPT-3.5 family is GPT-3.5 Turbo, which has been optimized for chat and works well for traditional completions tasks as ...GPTZero app readily detects AI-generated content thanks to perplexity and burstiness analysis. But OpenAI text classifier struggles. Robotext is on the rise, but AI text screening tools can vary wildly in their ability to differentiate between human- and machine-written web content. Image credit: Shutterstock Generate.As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak SupervisionOpenAI has released an AI text classifier that attempts to detect whether input content was generated using artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT. "The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT ...
GPTZero app readily detects AI-generated content thanks to perplexity and burstiness analysis. But OpenAI text classifier struggles. Robotext is on the rise, but AI text screening tools can vary wildly in their ability to differentiate between human- and machine-written web content. Image credit: Shutterstock Generate.. Lady sonia porn
The AI Text Classifier is a free tool that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI. The classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that requires a minimum of 1,000 characters, and is trained on English content written by adults. It is intended to spark discussions on AI literacy, and is not always accurate.This is a dataset for binary sentiment classification containing substantially more data than previous benchmark datasets. We provide a set of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing. There is additional unlabeled data for use as well. Raw text and already processed bag of words formats are provided.Jan 31, 2023 · The "AI Text Classifier," as the company calls it, is a "fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources," OpenAI said in ... Dec 10, 2022 · The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT. ... GPT-2 Output Detector Demo ... GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first time you will receive 18 USD to test the models and no credit card is needed. After creating the ...Feb 1, 2023 · classification system vs sentiment classification In conclusion, OpenAI has released a groundbreaking tool to detect AI-generated text, using a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts the likelihood of ... ChatGPT. ChatGPT, which stands for Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, is a large language model -based chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched on November 30, 2022, which enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language used. Successive prompts and replies, known as ... Jun 7, 2020 · As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak Supervision The "AI Text Classifier," as the company calls it, is a "fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources," OpenAI said in ...Mar 7, 2022 · GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first time you will receive 18 USD to test the models and no credit card is needed. After creating the ... Product Transforming work and creativity with AI Our API platform offers our latest models and guides for safety best practices. Models GPT GPT-4 is OpenAI’s most advanced system, producing safer and more useful responses. Learn about GPT-4 Advanced reasoning Creativity Visual input Longer context Feb 6, 2023 · Like the AI Text Classifier or the GPT-2 Output Detector, GPTZero is designed to differentiate human and AI text. However, while the former two tools give you a simple prediction, this one is more ... Mar 29, 2023 · The following results therefore apply to 53 predictions made by both GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4. For predicting the category only, for example, “Coordination & Context” when the full category and sub-category is “Coordination & Context : Humanitarian Access” … Results for gpt-3.5-turbo_predicted_category_1, 53 predictions ... May 8, 2022 · When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works. .